American Chinese – PF Chang’s Recipes

When I decided to leave the restaurant industry and become a teacher, I had to go back to college for a second degree, and THAT meant taking a step down.

I left my last position “chef-ing” in 2008 and took a position at PF Chang’s. I worked as a line cook, a bartender, a server, in catering and events, in marketing and promotions… basically I did anything that wouldn’t interfere with getting to class on time.

Chef Bates right before headed into an evening shift at Changs

While I was with Changs, I learned a lot about Asian cooking and developed a list of absolute FAVORITE Chinese-American dishes that I now teach my students how to cook.

These are the dishes I love. None are “home” recipes. They all require multiple steps and a few specialized techniques. Don’t let the work dissuade you… all these dishes are worth the effort.

Inside my “home” PF Chang’s Restaurant

For the purists out there – very little Chinese-American food is authentic. All the flavors have been slightly changed to make them more acceptable to American taste buds. However, step in to PF Changs anywhere and you will find a bunch of Asian families going to town on a plate of Dan Dan noodles or Lo Mein. They will tell you (if you ask) that PF Chang’s is the closest they can get in America to the real thing… outside of Chinatown.


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Chicken Lettuce Wraps

PF Chang's Famous Lettuce Wraps, made (almost) the same as the restaurant. A great appetizer, but with the addition of white rice to the plate, an instant entree.
Course Appetizer, Main Course
Cuisine Chinese
Keyword MustangChef Summer Camp
Servings 6

Ingredients

FOR MARINADE

  • ½ cup soy sauce
  • 2 tablespoons minced garlic
  • 1 3-inch finger fresh ginger peeled and minced, about ¼ cup
  • 1 tablespoon turbinado sugar
  • 1 tablespoon chili-garlic paste
  • 2 tablespoons sesame oil
  • ½ cup scallions sliced ¼ inch thick

FOR FILLING

  • 1 ½ pounds boneless skinless chicken thighs medium dice
  • 3 tablespoons safflower or canola oil plus more for greasing
  • 4 ounces shiitake mushrooms minced
  • Lettuce leaves such as green leaf, butter lettuce or romaine, pulled apart into cups, at least 18 (3 cups per serving)

FOR GARNISH:

  • 1/2 cup scallions sliced very thin
  • ½ cup carrots shredded
  • 1 tablespoon sesame seeds
  • 3 cups flash-fried Thai rice sticks

FOR POTSTICKER SAUCE

  • 1/3 cup water
  • 1/4 cup soy sauce dark
  • 1 tablespoon sesame oil
  • 1 tablespoon garlic pressed
  • 2 tablespoons sugar
  • 1 inch finger of fresh ginger grated fine with a microplaner
  • 1 teaspoon chili paste
  • 2 tablespoons scallions minced fine
  • ½ teaspoon hot chinese mustard
  • 1-2 tablespoons rice wine vinegar

FOR RICE NOODLES

  • 1 Thai thin dried rice noodles 8.8 ounce package
  • 3/4 cup oil for frying

Instructions

POTSTICKER SAUCE

  • Heat water, soy sauce, garlic, ginger, sugar, and sesame oil till simmering, take off heat. Add remaining ingredients to warm mixture, transfer to a storage container and chill for 1 hour or until ready to serve.

FILLING

  • In a large bowl, combine soy sauce, scallions, garlic, ginger, sugar, chili paste and sesame oil and mix well. Add chicken and mushrooms and mix, thoroughly massaging the marinade into the meat. Let stand for 15-25 minutes.

FOR RICE NOODLES

  • Separate the rice noodles by pulling apart the various sections into manageable amounts. Using scissors, cut the noodles into strips 4 to 5 inches long.
  • Place the oil in small to medium saute pan. Heat the oil over medium-high heat for a minimum of 1 minute.
  • Take a few longer noodle pieces in your hand and dunk just the ends into the hot oil. If the oil is hot enough, the submerged parts will bloom within seconds into puffy, crispy noodles. If this doesn’t happen, remove the submerged parts and cut them off. Wait a little longer for your oil to heat up, then try again.
  • Once the oil is ready, gently drop handfuls of the noodles into the hot oil.
  • Have tongs and a spider ready to quickly flip them once. The actual cooking time is only a few seconds.
  • Set the puffed noodles to drain on paper towels.

ASSEMBLY

  • Heat a large heavy-bottomed saute pan over medium-high heat and lightly grease with oil. Stir fry chicken mixture in batches until evenly cooked. Reserve.
  • Make a mound of rice noodles on each plate. Ladle chicken over the top. Drizzle chicken with chili oil. Garnish with scallions, shredded carrots, and sesame seeds. Place lettuce cups to one side of the plate. Serve with a ramekin of potsticker sauce.
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Classic Lo Mein

Course Main Course
Cuisine Chinese

Ingredients

  • 16 oz fresh or dried Chinese egg noodles
  • 1 lb chicken breast or thigh cut to bite-size pieces
  • 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
  • 2 ½ cups stir fry vegetables sliced ¼ inch thick
  • 1 stalk scallion chopped
  • 2 teaspoons toasted white sesame seeds for garnish

Lo Mein sauce:

  • ½ cup chicken stock substitute with vegetable stock or water
  • 2 Tablespoons oyster sauce
  • 1 ½ Tablespoons dark soy sauce
  • 1 ½ Tablespoons low sodium soy sauce
  • 1 teaspoon cornstarch
  • 1 teaspoon toasted sesame oil
  • 1 teaspoon brown sugar
  • 1 teaspoon ginger grated
  • 3 cloves garlic minced
  • ½ teaspoon chili garlic sauce use sparingly it’s salty
  • ½ teaspoon Lao Gan Ma Spicy Chili Crisp use sparingly it’s salty
  • ½ teaspoon Thai chili pepper flakes

Instructions

Lo mein sauce

  • Add the ingredients for the lo mein sauce in a medium-sized bowl and stir together until the sugar dissolves.

Marinate chicken

  • Marinate the chicken with one tablespoon of the prepared sauce while prepping the vegetables.

Boil noodles

  • Boil the noodles until they are just under al dente, 1 or 2 minutes shy of the package instructions. Rinse under cold water and drizzle on a tiny amount of oil to prevent them from sticking.

Stir fry chicken and vegetables

  • Heat a wok or pan over medium-high heat and add the oil. Cook the chicken until fully cooked and then remove it from the pan and set it aside. Next, add the vegetables and stir fry for 2 to 3 minutes or until tender but crisp.

Build

  • Add the noodles and sauce to the pan and toss to combine for 1 to 2 minutes. The sauce should become shiny, glossy, and thick. Add the chicken back in and combine together. Garnish with chopped green onions and sesame seeds.

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Vegetarian Lettuce Wraps

Course Appetizer
Cuisine Chinese
Servings 4

Ingredients

  • 3 tablespoons hoisin sauce
  • 3 tablespoons reduced-sodium soy sauce
  • 2 tablespoons rice vinegar
  • 1 teaspoon sesame oil
  • 2 teaspoons canola or grapeseed oil
  • 12 oz extra-firm tofu
  • 8 ounces baby bella or cremini mushrooms finely chopped
  • 8 oz water chestnuts drained and finely chopped
  • 2 cloves garlic minced
  • 2 teaspoons freshly grated ginger
  • 1/4 teaspoon red pepper flakes
  • 4 green onions — thinly sliced divided
  • 8 large inner leaves romaine lettuce — from a romaine heart or butter lettuce leaves
  • 1 cup grated carrots for garnish
  • 1 cup bean sprouts for garnish

Instructions

  • In a small bowl, stir together the hoisin, soy sauce, rice vinegar, and sesame oil. Set aside.
  • Press the tofu between paper towels to squeeze out as much liquid as possible. Refresh the paper towels and press again. Heat the 2 teaspoons canola oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high. Once the oil is hot, crumble in the tofu, breaking it into very small pieces as it cooks. Continue cooking for 5 minutes, then add the diced mushrooms. Continue cooking until any remaining tofu liquid cooks off and the tofu starts to turn golden, about 3 minutes more. Stir in the water chestnuts, garlic, ginger, red pepper flakes, and half of the green onions and cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds more.
  • Pour the sauce over the top of the tofu mixture and stir to coat. Cook just until you hear bubbling and the sauce is warmed through, 30 to 60 seconds.
  • Spoon the tofu mixture into individual lettuce leaves. Top with remaining green onions, grated carrots, and bean sprouts.

Notes

You can put the wraps together or leave all the parts seperate on the plate so each person can put their wraps together the way they like. Best served with salty, sweet, spicy “Potsticker” sauce.
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Eggrolls

Course Appetizer
Cuisine Chinese
Servings 20 Eggrolls

Ingredients

  • 4 T vegetable oil
  • 1 finger grated fresh ginger
  • 2 cloves garlic finely chopped
  • 2 scallions sliced thinly
  • 1 carrot cut into 1-inch julienne strips
  • 1 small red pepper cut into 1-inch julienne strips
  • 2 C Napa cabbage shredded very thin
  • 1 C bamboo shoots rinsed and julienned
  • 1 to 2 T sesame oil
  • 20 egg roll wrappers covered loosely with a damp paper towel to prevent drying

Instructions

  • In a wok or skillet, stir-fry the ginger and garlic in 2 tablespoons of oil until fragrant, about 30 seconds. Add scallions, carrots, bamboo shoots, cabbage, and red pepper and stir-fry over high heat for 2-4 minutes or until veggies are tender. Drain VERY well. Toss with sesame oil and allow to cool.
  • Dampen a kitchen towel. Place 5 wrappers on a work surface with 1 point each near you and cover the remainder with the cloth to prevent drying. Place about 1/4 cup of the filling on the wrappers, just above the near corners. Bring the corner nearest you up over the filling and roll halfway; brush the edges with the egg wash, then fold in the side corners and continue rolling to enclose the filling completely. Roll as tightly as possible.
  • Fill and roll the remaining wrappers. As you make each eggroll, place on a parchment lined pan – do not allow them to touch (they'll stick). Cover with a slightly dampened cloth and allow the rolls to rest, seam side down while the egg sets for at LEAST 2 minutes
  • Fill a fryer or heavy medium pot 1/3 full with the oil and heat to 350 degrees over med-high heat. Add the egg rolls 2-4 at a time and fry until light golden, turning as needed, about 5 minutes.
  • Remove them with a slotted spoon and drain. Fry again at 350 degrees (until golden) just before serving for extra crispiness.
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Pin Rice Chicken Noodle Soup

Original spicy chicken noodle comfort food – got the flu? Eat this.
Course Soup
Cuisine Chinese
Servings 4

Ingredients

  • 1 quart chicken stock
  • 1/4 cup soy sauce
  • 1 tablespoon brown sugar
  • Sriracha sauce
  • 2 tablespoons fresh lime juice
  • 1 – inch piece fresh ginger peeled and cut in 8 slices
  • 3/4 pound boneless chicken breasts cut in thin 3-inch-long strips
  • 3 tablespoons cornstarch
  • 1 cup sliced shiitake mushrooms or white button mushrooms
  • 1/2 cup sliced grape tomatoes
  • 1 teaspoon lime zest
  • 2 tablespoons chopped fresh cilantro
  • 1 pound pin rice noodles

Instructions

  • Combine broth, soy sauce, sugar, Sriracha sauce, lime juice, and ginger and bring to a rolling simmer (190*F) for 15 minutes.
  • Toss chicken with cornstarch until completely coated.
  • Add chicken and shiitakes to broth and simmer for 15 minutes – Do not boil.
  • In a separate pot, cook pin rice noodles according to package instructions. Reserve.
  • Remove soup from the heat and stir in tomatoes.
  • Pour soup over Pin Rice noodles.
  • Let soup stand 2 to 3 minutes before serving.
  • Top with cilantro, fresh lime wedges, and a drizzle of Sriracha sauce

Notes

Silver noodle or pin rice noodle (as it is sometimes called) is a short white transparent noodle made from rice flour. They are about 5cm long in length and 5mm in diameter.
You can distinguish these noodles by their tapered ends, which have earned them the nickname rat tail noodles in Singapore and Malaysia. Other names for them include loh see fun in Cantonese, bee tai bak in Fujianese and silver pin noodle in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Vendors of all kinds sell these noodles throughout markets in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and Indonesia.
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Stir-Fried Japanese Eggplant

Course Side Dish
Cuisine Chinese
Servings 2

Ingredients

Sauce

  • 2 tablespoons vegetarian oyster sauce or regular oyster sauce
  • 2 tablespoons soy sauce lite or tamarind sauce preferred
  • 2 tablespoons water
  • 1 tablespoon white vinegar
  • 2 tablespoon granulated sugar
  • 1 teaspoon chili paste sambal oelek preferred
  • 1/2 teaspoon ground bean sauce if necessary, substitute hoisin sauce
  • 1/2 teaspoon sesame oil

Eggplant

  • canola oil for deep-frying
  • 1 pound Japanese eggplant peeled, roll-cut into diagonals
  • 1 tablespoon garlic minced
  • 1 tablespoon cornstarch
  • 2 tablespoons water
  • 1 scallion sliced very thin

Instructions

  • Prepare the sauce: Combine all sauce ingredients in a bowl and mix well. Reserve.
  • Prepare the slurry: mix two tablespoons of water with 1 tablespoon of water until combined; reserve.
  • Heat oil in a wok to 350 degrees F. Add the eggplant and cook, stirring lightly to ensure even cooking, for one – two minutes. Remove the eggplant with spider and drain well on a rack.
  • Remove all but a teaspoon of oil from the wok. Turn the heat to high and add the garlic. Cook, stirring, for about 5 seconds then add reserved sauce.
  • Bring the sauce to a simmer for 30 seconds. Add the eggplant back to the wok and cook for about 1 minute while constantly stirring.
  • Add cornstarch slurry to wok until it reaches the desired consistency.
  • Garnish with sliced scallion. Serve immediately.
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Crab Wontons (Rangoons)

Course Appetizer
Cuisine Chinese

Ingredients

  • 8 oz cream cheese
  • 8 ounces fresh or canned crab meat drained and flaked
  • 1 teaspoon red onion chopped
  • 1/2 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
  • 1/2 teaspoon light soy sauce
  • Black pepper to taste
  • 1 green onion finely sliced on the bias
  • 1 large clove garlic smashed, peeled, and finely minced
  • 1 package wonton wrappers
  • 1 small bowl water
  • Oil for deep frying

Instructions

  • Combine the cream cheese and crab meat in a medium-sized mixing bowl. One ingredient at a time, mix in the red onion, Worcestershire, soy sauce, black pepper, green onion, and garlic. Combine thoroughly and set aside.
  • On a flat surface, lay out a wonton wrapper at an angle so it forms a diamond (not a square). Wet the edges of the wrapper by dipping your finger in the water in the bowl and wiping the edges of the wonton.
  • Add 1 teaspoon of filling to the middle of the wonton.
  • Carefully bring up the four points of the wrapper so they all meet in the middle but do not touch each other yet. Gently press the sides against the filling and then adhere all of the edges together so a point forms on top. The dumpling should be a four-sided triangle with a bottom. Make sure there are no air bubbles by carefully pushing the sides toward each other.
  • Keep the completed crab rangoon covered with a damp kitchen or paper towel to keep them from drying out while preparing the remainder of the dumplings.
  • Heat a wok and add enough oil for deep frying. When the oil is ready (the temperature should be between 360 to 375 F), carefully slide in the crab rangoon, taking care not to overcrowd the wok. Deep-fry until they are golden brown, about 3 minutes, turning once. Remove with a slotted spoon to a paper towel-lined plate and drain. Cook remaining crab rangoon.
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Fried Rice

Course Side Dish
Cuisine Chinese

Ingredients

  • 6 C cooked rice
  • 1 C Dark sauce
  • 3 eggs lightly beaten
  • 1/4 C sesame oil
  • 12 oz protein shrimp, pork loin, beef loin, or chicken tenderloin cut into thin strips
  • 2 C vegetables – shredded cabbage diced carrots, peas, bean sprouts, etc
  • ½ C green onions sliced thinly on the bias

Instructions

  • Preheat saute pan and add oil
  • Stir fry protein, remove from pan; set aside.
  • Wipe out pan and re-oil. Add egg to pan; lightly scramble, sprinkling with salt & pepper.
  • Remove egg from pan; chop into small pieces and set aside.
  • Wipe out pan. Add sesame oil to pan; heat on medium high.
  • Stir fry vegetable blend for 2-3 minutes or until tender.
  • Add rice, egg & protein, tossing well.
  • Pour dark sauce over rice, tossing and stirring until well coated.
  • Stir fry for 1-2 more minutes until heated through.
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General Tsao’s Chicken

Course Main Course
Cuisine Chinese
Servings 2

Ingredients

FOR THE SPICY SAUCE:

  • 2 teaspoons Vegetable Oil
  • 2 Tablespoons Garlic Finely Minced
  • 3 Tablespoons Green Onion Chopped
  • 1 cup Pineapple Juice
  • 2 teaspoons Chili Sauce (or Sriracha)
  • 2 Tablespoons White Vinegar
  • 4 teaspoons Sugar
  • 1-½ teaspoon Soy Sauce
  • ¾ teaspoons Salt
  • 2 Tablespoons Water
  • 3 teaspoons Cornstarch

FOR THE CHICKEN

  • 8 ounces Boneless, Skinless Chicken Breast cut into bite-sized cubes
  • 2 cups Vegetable Oil
  • 1 cup Flour
  • ½ teaspoons Salt
  • ¾ teaspoons Baking Soda
  • 1 Egg
  • ½ cups Milk
  • ½ cups Water
  • 2-3 Green onions or scallions (for the garnish) sliced very thinly on the bias

Instructions

Prepare the spicy sauce:

  • Heat oil, garlic and green onions over medium heat until soft. Add pineapple juice, chili sauce, vinegar, sugar, soy sauce and salt. Combine the water and cornstarch in a separate container. Mix the cornstarch/water mixture into the sauce and stir over medium-low heat until thickened. You can add more chili sauce if you want spicier spicy chicken sauce. Taste and adjust seasoning. Reserve.

Prepare the chicken:

  • Cut the chicken breast into bite-sized cubes and season with salt. Begin heating the 2 cups vegetable oil over medium-high heat.

Prepare the batter:

  • Combine remaining ingredients in a medium bowl and whisk together. Batter should be fairly thin. Place chicken cubes in the batter to coat. Batter should be very thin on the chicken.

Construct entree:

  • Once the oil is heated, reduce heat to medium and add chicken cubes a few at a time, letting the batter drip off before placing in the oil. Let them cook for 3-4 minutes and turn halfway through cooking. Cook until golden brown. Remove and drain on a paper-towel-covered plate. Repeat until all chicken is cooked.
  • Reheat sauce, toss with cooked chicken right before serving, plate over white or brown rice. Garnish with sliced scallions.
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Mongolian Beef

Course Main Course
Cuisine Chinese
Servings 4

Ingredients

  • 2 Eggs
  • 2 teaspoons vegetable oil
  • 1 T ginger minced
  • 1 T garlic chopped (about three cloves)
  • ½ C soy sauce
  • ½ C water
  • ½ C dark brown sugar
  • 1 T chili paste
  • vegetable oil for frying (about 1 cup)
  • 1 lb flank steak
  • 1/4 C cornstarch
  • 2 large green onions sliced on the diagonal into one-inch lengths

Instructions

For the Sauce

  • Heat 2 tsp of vegetable oil in a medium saucepan over med /low heat.
  • Add ginger and garlic to the pan and quickly add the soy sauce , chili paste, and water before the garlic scorches.
  • Dissolve the brown sugar in the sauce, then raise the heat to about medium and boil the sauce for 2-3 minutes or until the sauce thickens.
  • Remove it from the heat.

For the Beef

  • Slice the flank steak against the grain into 1/4" thick bite-size slices (Tilt the blade of your knife at about a forty-five degree angle to the top of the steak so that you get wider cuts).
  • Marinade beef in egg wash for at least 60 minutes and up to 8 hours.
  • Right before cooking, drain well and dust lightly with cornstarch

Construction

  • Heat one cup of oil in a wok (you may also use a skillet for this step as long as the beef will be mostly covered with oil).
  • Add the beef to the oil and stir-fry for two minutes, moving the meat around in the oil to promote even cooking
  • When the meat has begun to darken around the edges and become crispy, use a large slotted spoon or chinese strainer to take the meat out and onto a drying rack.
  • Pour the oil out of the wok or skillet, wipe clean with a paper towel, then put the pan back over the heat, add meat and stir fry for one minute.
  • Add the sauce, cook for one minute while constantly stirring, then add all the green onions.
  • Cook for one more minute, then remove the beef and onions with tongs or a slotted spoon to a serving plate.
  • Add additional Green onions as garnish. Serve over white or brown rice.

Notes

The egg wash followed by the corn starch is a type of “velveting” a technique which involves marinating the meat in egg whites, cornstarch, water or rice wine, and salt…..during which time the mixture forms a gossamer-thin coating on the meat and the alkaline egg whites tenderize the meat by changing its pH. The meat is then blanched in simmering water or oil to set the coating, which will protect the meat against the blazing heat of the wok. The coating turns plush and silky as it cooks, delivering its namesake texture.
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Sweet and Sour Sauce

Course Base
Cuisine Chinese

Ingredients

  • 1/3 cup rice wine vinegar
  • 2 teaspoons soy sauce
  • 2 cups fresh pineapple juice
  • 1/4 cup brown sugar
  • 1/4 cup white sugar
  • 1 teaspoon red chili flakes
  • 3/4 cups pineapple cut into small cubes
  • 1/2 cup mango cut into small cubes
  • 1/2 cup blend of red and green peppers 1/2 inch dice
  • 2 tablespoons cornstarch slurry 2 tablespoons cornstarch blended with just enough water to dissolve

Instructions

  • In a saucepan over medium high heat, add the vinegar, soy sauce, pineapple juice, and sugar. Bring to a boil then reduce heat to medium.
  • Add the chile flakes, pineapple, mango, peppers, and let simmer on very low heat for at least 15 minutes. Add slurry a little bit at a time until it has reached the desired consistency.

Notes

Add a tablespoon of chinese mustard for a spicy variation (great with eggrolls).
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Dark Sauce

Base for LOTS of Chinese-American recipes
Course Base
Cuisine Chinese

Ingredients

  • ½ – ⅔ C soy sauce
  • 3 T oyster sauce
  • 1/2 C chicken broth
  • 1 T rice wine vinegar
  • 1 T sugar
  • 1 T sesame oil
  • 1/4 t white pepper
  • 2 T neutral oil
  • 1 T minced garlic
  • 1 T minced ginger
  • 2 T cornstarch
  • 1/4 C water

Instructions

  • In a bowl, combine soy, oyster, broth, rice wine vinegar, sugar, sesame oil and white pepper.
  • Make slurry: dissolve cornstarch in 1/4 cup water.
  • Heat a pan over high heat; add the cooking oil, swirling to coat; add the garlic and ginger; cook, stirring, until fragrant, about 15 seconds.
  • Add soy sauce mixture; bring to a boil.
  • Reduce heat to medium and cook for 1 minute.
  • Add the cornstarch slurry and cook, stirring, until the sauce boils and thickens.
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Potsticker Sauce

Course Sauces
Cuisine Chinese
Servings 3 cups

Ingredients

For Sauce

  • 1 cup soy sauce
  • 3/4 cup rice wine vinegar
  • 1 1/4 C water
  • 1/2 cup dark brown sugar
  • 2 medium scallions chopped rough
  • 5 cloves garlic chopped rough
  • 2 tablespoons sesame oil
  • 2 teaspoons chili paste
  • 1 large finger of ginger peeled and chopped rough

For Garnish

  • 1 scallion sliced very thin
  • 1 teaspoon dry chinese mustard
  • 1 teaspoon white vinegar
  • 1 teaspoon chili oil
  • 1 teaspoon chili paste

Instructions

  • In a saucepan, heat 2 Tablespoons of toasted sesame oil to medium-high heat. Add scallion, ginger, and garlic. Stir fry on medium until garlic begins to brown around the edges.
  • Increase heat to high and stir in Soy Sauce, Vinegar and water and bring to a boil.
  • Add dark brown sugar and stir until sugar is dissolved.
  • Lower heat to low and cook for 20 minutes, stirring often. Remove from heat, cover, and allow to steep for 2 hours.
  • Refrigerate overnight.
  • When ready to serve, strain into a serving container, add fresh minced scallion, chili oil, white vinegar, chili paste, and chinese mustard. Stir to combine. Taste and adjust seasonings.

“Velveting” Proteins in Chinese Cooking for Tenderness

Trying to reproduce your favorite Chinese restaurant’s stir-fry in the comfort of your home kitchen can often result in a big pile of fail. 

Even if you manage to round up all the necessary ingredients, ditch your “cute” Rachael Ray pastel-handled wok for a good carbon-steel version, and find a way to crank your stove to the recommended heat-of-a-thousand-suns temperature, your home-cooked beef and broccoli always falls a bit short of the restaurant dish, especially when it comes to the meat.

Somehow, the meat in a good Chinese restaurant stir-fry turns out tender, silky and succulent while your home-cooked version usually has the texture of a dog’s chew toy.  Personally, I have tried pounding, slicing, and even buying high-quality cuts of meat—all of which resulted in varying degrees of chewy, dry or mushy proteins that barely rise above the quality of Panda Express take-out. The secret behind the tender and juicy beef, chicken or shrimp in good Chinese stir-fry is not really a secret at all. It’s a technique that’s common in Chinese cooking, but is virtually unheard of in U.S. kitchens: velveting.

Learning how to velvet meat is as important to Chinese cooking as painting is to Van Gogh.  Velveting involves coating and marinating thinly sliced pieces of beef, chicken, pork or whole shrimp in a mixture of egg white, salt, cornstarch and an acid for about 30-45 minutes. 

The meat is then immersed in barely simmering water or warm oil for 30-45 seconds until it is almost cooked through before being added to a screaming hot wok to finish.

It’s widely believed that velveting meat somehow tenderizes it. Science, however, begs to differ. While the vinegar or other acid will slightly denature the proteins in the meat (making them softer), the heavy lifting is done by the coating. The marinade (or velvet) clings to the outer surfaces of the meat, creating a layer of hydrated starch that lubricates it, much like the fats in a nicely marbled steak or the gelatins in a braised pork shoulder. This tricks our palate into thinking there is moisture present, even when the actual meat may be a bit dry or overcooked. 

To help with tenderness, the coating also serves as insulation, protecting the meat from the direct heat of the wok. This keeps the outer layer of proteins from turning into chewy, microscopic rubber bands, like you get whenever you stir-fry meat without such a coating.

One other advantage to this layer of insulation is that it lowers the rate of heat transfer to the meat itself. This allows the coating to brown very quickly without exposing the meat to as much heat as it takes to achieve browning without the velvet. If the starches brown, the meat is protected by a Star-Wars-style deflector shield, keeping it nice and moist, while the surface turns to a delicious Maillard-browned crust.

Additionally, when the starches gelatinize, they form a moisture-resistant barrier around the outside of the meat that may help prevent moisture from escaping as it gets squeezed out of the cells during denaturing. 

Without the velvet coating, all of that moisture may leach out into your wok and you’ll end up with tough, off-color, boiled meat that will have all the flavor of a piece of old duct tape.

Serve that nastiness to your family and you’ll surely die alone.

So cook it right!